stronguf.blogg.se - Anno 1404 deliver goods to ship at sea

"Objective evidence" consists of past assessments of STS records, crew experience, lessons learned from past near misses/ incidents, past performance data of vessels, STS Service Providers, Mooring Masters (POAC), best industry practices, etc. The level of due diligence exercised by technical operators and Masters is mainly governed by SOLAS chapter IX (the ISM Code) which mandates the assessment of "objective evidence" towards actions that will ensure safety.

Technical advice to the Master by his technical Operator.

Appointment of Service Provider and POAC.

Thus the prudent exercise of due diligence prior to commencement of the STS Operation is the only feasible way that will allow the Masters and their ship operators in ensuring safety.ĭue diligence should take place in the following phases of the Ship-to-Ship operation:

There is no direct contractual relationship among those parties and both Masters are responsible for ensuring safety. The involved parties are the 2 participating vessels and the Service Provider who provides the STS equipment and the qualified Mooring Master (Person in Overall Advisory Control, POAC).

Ship-to-ship transfer operations take place at open sea or at OPL (outer port limit).

Lightering a vessel for emergency reasons, usually after a grounding or similar incident.

the cargo changes ownership while the carrying vessel is at sea

Lightening a vessel prior to harbor entering or for re-floating.

The receiving ship is called the daughter vessel and the delivering vessel is called STBL (Ship to be lightered) or Mother vessel. One vessel will act as the terminal whilst the other one will moor. Nevertheless, it sometimes can be useful to transfer cargo from one ship to another in the open sea and this is called a ship-to-ship operation.

Most of cargo operations take place between a ship and a land-based terminal. The nomenclature STS transfer should be used in reference to techniques used by civilian merchant vessels, as differentiated from underway replenishment which is the term used by the US Navy for similar, but usually far more complicated, operations between naval vessels while underway. Cargoes typically transferred via STS methods include crude oil, liquefied gas ( LPG or LNG), bulk cargo, and petroleum products. Ship-to-ship (STS) transfer operation is the transfer of cargo between seagoing ships positioned alongside each other, either while stationary or underway.